Exchange and completion - First time buyer

Exchange of contracts explained

11 min read

The exchange of contracts is one of the most important moments in the home-buying journey. It’s the point where the deal becomes legally binding, and both the buyer and seller commit to completing the sale. If you’re wondering what happens during exchange of contracts, when it happens, or what can delay exchange, this guide explains the entire exchange of contracts process step by step.

  • Charlotte Lockton Deputy Conveyancing Manager at My Home Move Conveyancing
    Charlotte Lockton

    Deputy Conveyancing Manager

    Updated on

    Published

a couple packing up their spare bedroom having just exchanged contracts for their new house

Key takeaways: Exchange of contracts

  • Exchange of contracts is the point at which a house purchase or sale becomes legally binding.

  • Before exchange, either the buyer or seller can withdraw without legal penalty.

  • After exchange, both parties are legally committed to completing on the agreed completion date.

  • A deposit (usually 10% of the purchase price) is paid at exchange.

  • Completion typically takes place 7–14 days after exchange, although this can vary.

  • Exchange cannot take place until mortgage offers, searches, and enquiries are complete.

A UK guide to exchange of contracts

Below, you’ll find clear answers to the most common questions buyers ask — including what happens when you exchange contracts, what time of day exchange usually happens, and how long it takes to complete once contracts are exchanged.

In this article

What does exchange of contracts mean?

Exchange of contracts is where the contracts are signed and swapped between the buyer and seller. At that moment, the agreement becomes legally binding in UK law. Before exchange, either party can pull out without legal penalty. After exchange, you are legally committed to completing the purchase.

This is also the point where you pay your deposit, usually 10% of the purchase price, to your conveyancer. The deposit is held until completion.

Exchange of contracts checklist

You can only exchange contracts once:

  • All conveyancing searches and enquiries have been completed

  • The mortgage offer is in place

  • The contract has been approved and signed

  • A completion date has been agreed

  • Buildings insurance is set up

  • All parties in the chain are ready

If you’re a first-time buyer, it may help to read our full First-Time Buyers’ Guide for a complete overview of the buying process.

What happens at exchange of contracts?

During exchange, solicitors for the buyer and seller read the contract wording aloud over the phone, confirm matching versions, agree the completion date and then formally exchange contracts. Once this happens:

  • The sale becomes legally binding.

  • Both sides must complete the transaction on the agreed completion date.

  • You cannot withdraw without serious legal and financial consequences.

What is the difference between exchange of contracts and completion?

Exchange of contracts is the point at which the transaction becomes legally binding, whereas completion is where the final balance of payment is passed to the seller and legal ownership is transferred to the buyer, along with the keys.

Put simply: Exchange commits you to buy the house; completion is when you actually own it.

When do you exchange contracts?

You can only exchange once your conveyancer has confirmed that all requirements have been met, including:

  • Offer made and agreed

  • Seller’s Property Information Form (TA6) and Fixtures and Fittings Form (TA10) have been reviewed

  • Surveys completed

  • Valuation carried out by the mortgage lender

  • Conveyancer has completed searches

  • Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) checked

  • Mortgage offer received

  • Deposit funds ready

  • Buildings insurance arranged

  • Completion date has been agreed

  • Buyer has thoroughly read and understood the contract

  • Contract reviewed and signed

Only when every point is complete will your conveyancer confirm you can proceed with the exchange.

Will my conveyancer tell me when we exchange contracts?

Yes, your conveyancer will contact you to read out and finalise the contract ready for exchange. Most people receive a phone call, followed by an email confirming that contracts are exchanged. Solicitors in the chain are notified at the same time so everyone progresses together. Once this has been done the contracts will be exchanged and the transaction is legally binding.

Can you exchange contracts without a completion date?

In almost all cases, no. Exchange cannot happen without a completion date written into the contract. An exception are new-build off-plan purchases, which may allow exchange without a fixed date, as long as a long-stop date is included in the contract.

If you’re buying a new build, see our full guide to the new build conveyancing process.

Can I exchange and complete on the same day?

It is possible, but not recommended. Examining same-day exchange and completion:

Pros:

  • Faster — useful in urgent situations.

Cons:

  • Higher stress

  • Less time to resolve last-minute issues

  • Removal companies harder to book

  • No guaranteed moving date until the day itself

  • Potential additional costs

If you must do same-day exchange and completion, ensure all logistics (removals, utilities, childcare, pets) are flexible.

What time of day does exchange of contracts happen?

Exchange can happen anytime during your conveyancer’s working hours, but most exchanges occur between 1pm and 5pm.

This is because solicitors:

  • Finalise searches and enquiries in the morning

  • Confirm mortgage readiness

  • Agree completion dates across the chain

  • Complete exchange in the afternoon

If your solicitor anticipates a delay, they will normally let you know.

How to exchange contracts when buying a house

The exchange of contracts process

Once everything is ready, the exchange of contracts process usually follows these steps:

young family unpacking after a successful move into their new home
  • 1

    Sign your contract:

    Make sure your conveyancer has your signed contract ready to send to the seller’s solicitor.

  • 2

    Agree a completion date:

    All parties in the chain must agree on the same date.

  • 3

    Transfer your deposit:

    Make sure you have sent the agreed deposit amount (usually 10% of the purchase price) to your conveyancer. This should be done in advance so funds have cleared.

  • 4

    Instruct your conveyancer to exchange:

    You must formally confirm you want them to proceed.

  • 5

    Solicitors confirm contract terms:

    The buyer’s and seller’s conveyancers review the contract wording together, discussing any issues.

  • 6

    Contracts exchanged:

    Your conveyancer completes the exchange (officially exchanging contracts with the seller’s conveyancer) - the sale is now legally binding.

How long does it take to exchange contracts?

The actual exchanging of contracts doesn’t take long and usually only requires a couple of phone calls.

What can delay exchange of contracts?

Several issues can create delays in the exchange of contracts process.

Buyer or seller hesitation

If someone is unsure, unprepared, or struggling with paperwork, it can stall progress. Good communication between agents and both parties’ conveyancers often speeds things up, but sometimes patience is required.

Delays with the mortgage provider

Ideally, your mortgage in principle should be sorted out at the earliest stage of the transaction. However, common causes of delays relating to mortgages include:

  • Someone in the chain not securing their mortgage in principle ahead of time

  • Slow mortgage approvals

  • The lender requesting more documents

  • Someone in the chain needing a revised offer

If you’re buying with a mortgage, you cannot exchange without a final mortgage offer.

Slow searches or outstanding enquiries

If the search provider is slow at completing and sending the conveyancing searches, you are held up as your conveyancer or solicitor cannot review the paperwork or raise necessary enquiries without the results. Additionally, if the searches raise issues, and enquiries need to be sent, if the other party is slow to respond to, this can cause further delays.

Problems within the chain

Any delay within the chain delays everyone. The most common chain-related issues include:

  • Late paperwork

  • Slow solicitors

  • Issues with communication

  • Mortgage troubles

  • Gazumping (where the seller accepts a higher offer from another buyer)

Your conveyancer and estate agent will normally chase the chain to keep things moving.

Do I need a mortgage redemption statement before exchange?

Yes - in most cases, your conveyancer will need a mortgage redemption statement before exchange to confirm the financial position of the sale. It shows:

  • The exact amount needed to repay your existing mortgage

  • Any early repayment charges

  • Daily interest calculations

Without this statement, your conveyancer cannot confirm the financial side of the sale, which will delay exchange. Therefore, this statement must be requested well before the exchange of contracts.

How to request your mortgage redemption statement

Your conveyancer will usually request this directly from your lender. Redemption statements are only valid for a short period, so they may need to request an updated version before completion.

At My Home Move Conveyancing, we work with conveyancers that take care of the entire mortgage redemption process, ensuring everything is in order before you exchange contracts. Whether you’re selling or buying, they’ll guide you every step of the way, making the process as stress-free as possible.

Get a conveyancing quote

Why is a mortgage redemption statement important when selling?

Selling a home with an existing mortgage involves clearing the remaining loan balance, which is detailed in the redemption statement. Having this statement ensures:

  • Your sale proceeds will cover the outstanding mortgage

  • All parties know the exact figures

  • A smooth, delay-free completion

My Home Move Conveyancing’s partner conveyancers manage this step for you and keep you updated throughout.

Exchange of contract FAQs

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